Activation of neutrophils by soluble and insoluble immunoglobulin aggregates from synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES Previous work has shown that synovial fluid isolated from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis contains soluble (not sedimented by centrifugation at 11,600 g for two minutes) and insoluble (sedimented by centrifugation at 11,600 g for two minutes) immunoglobulin aggregates that are capable of activating reactive oxidant production by bloodstream neutrophils. The purpose of this study was to determine which of these types of immunoglobulin aggregates activated the secretion of reactive oxygen metabolites and granule enzymes from neutrophils. METHODS Cell free synovial fluid (from patients with rheumatoid arthritis) was added to neutrophils isolated from blood of healthy controls that had been incubated in the presence and absence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Reactive oxidant production was measured by luminol chemiluminescence (which detects both intracellular and extracellular oxidant production) and by cytochrome c reduction (which measures superoxide secretion). RESULTS The soluble aggregates only activated neutrophils that were previously primed, and activated a rapid and transient burst of reactive oxidant secretion. On the other hand, the insoluble aggregates activated primed and unprimed neutrophils with similar efficacy and most of the oxidants generated (especially in unprimed cells) were intracellular. The soluble aggregates, but not the insoluble aggregates, also activated the secretion of myeloperoxidase from neutrophils that had either been pretreated with cytochalasin B or primed with GM-CSF. CONCLUSION It is thus proposed that these soluble immunoglobulin aggregates are responsible for activation of the release of tissue damaging granule enzymes and reactive oxidants from primed neutrophils within the rheumatoid joint.